南京市航道管理条例

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南京市航道管理条例

江苏省南京市人大常委会


南京市航道管理条例


(2013年6月27日南京市第十五届人民代表大会常务委员会第三次会议制定 2013年7月26日江苏省第十二届人民代表大会常务委员会第四次会议批准)




第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保护和合理利用水运资源,加强航道管理,保障航道安全畅通,发挥航道在综合运输和社会发展中的重要作用,根据有关法律、法规,结合本市实际,制定本条例。
第二条 本市行政区域内除长江以外内河航道的规划、建设、养护、管理以及其他与通航有关的活动,适用本条例。
第三条 市交通运输行政主管部门是本市航道管理的主管部门,区交通运输行政主管部门按照规定的职责,负责辖区内的航道管理工作。交通运输行政主管部门所属的航道管理机构负责日常管理工作。
发展和改革、住房和城乡建设、财政、规划、国土资源、环境保护、水利、农业、城市管理、旅游、园林等部门和航道沿线区人民政府、镇人民政府、街道办事处按照各自职责,做好航道管理的相关工作。
第四条 市、区人民政府应当加强对航道管理工作的领导,将航道发展纳入国民经济和社会发展规划,将航道的建设、养护和管理资金纳入财政预算,并根据经济社会发展状况逐步增加航道建设和养护工作的资金投入。
支持和鼓励多渠道、多途径筹集航道建设资金,促进水路运输业发展。
第五条 航道发展应当遵循保障安全畅通、统筹兼顾、综合利用、建管养并重的原则。
第六条 航道受法律保护,任何单位和个人都应当爱护航道,不得破坏或者非法占用。
任何单位和个人有权制止和检举侵占、破坏航道以及其他影响航道畅通的行为。
第二章 航道规划
第七条 市航道规划由市交通运输行政主管部门会同规划、水利、国土资源等部门编制,并征求航道沿线区人民政府的意见,按照规定报经批准后公布。
编制航道规划应当符合城市总体规划和土地利用总体规划,并与国家和省干线航道网规划、防洪规划、港口规划相衔接。有关单位编制专项规划涉及航道的,应当与航道规划相衔接。
编制航道规划应当采取论证会、听证会或者其他方式征求专家和公众的意见。
第八条 市航道规划确需修改的,应当符合水运功能定位、综合交通运输体系发展的要求,并按照原审批程序报经批准。
第九条 调整航道等级、改变航道通航功能的,市交通运输行政主管部门应当进行论证,按照规定程序报经批准。其中降低航道等级或者取消航道功能的,应当召开听证会,充分听取各方意见。
第十条 本市实行航道保护范围制度。航道划定规划控制线的,保护范围为航道规划控制线范围;未划定规划控制线的,为航道岸线外两侧二十米以内。等外级航道的保护范围为航道岸线外两侧十米以内。
城区段航道的保护范围由市交通运输行政主管部门会同规划部门按照尊重现状、节约用地和有效保护航道的原则划定并公布。城区段航道由市人民政府确定。
第十一条 航道工程建设用地纳入土地利用总体规划,市、区人民政府应当优先安排航道工程建设用地。
航道工程建设用地采取划拨方式。沿线区人民政府负责实施航道工程建设用地征收和人员安置工作,并按照规定做好相关补偿工作。
第三章 航道建设和养护
第十二条 市、区人民政府应当统筹航道、水利、市政等工程建设,加强项目协调,提高建设资金的综合使用效益。
第十三条 航道建设和养护应当执行国家规定的程序,符合国家和行业规定的技术标准和要求,保障航道畅通,满足行洪安全、水上交通安全、生态环境和人文景观保护的要求。
交通运输行政主管部门应当根据航道规划编制航道基本建设项目计划,加快航道建设,改善航道通航条件。
航道管理机构应当制定航道养护计划,加强对航道养护单位的指导和监督,保障航道畅通。航道养护单位应当按照航道养护技术规范、操作规程以及养护作业合同的要求实施养护。
第十四条 航道管理机构应当按照规定对航道进行巡查并制作巡查记录,定期对航道设施进行检测和评定。经检测发现不符合船舶通行条件的,航道管理机构应当及时组织维修或者清障。
进行航道疏浚、炸礁、清障等影响通航的航道养护活动,航道管理机构应当提前发布通告,设置明显的作业标志,采取必要的安全措施,保障过往船舶通行安全。
第十五条 依法进行的航道建设和养护作业,包括新建、改建、扩建、勘测、疏浚、抛泥、吹填、炸礁、清障、维修航道设施和设置航标等活动,任何单位和个人不得阻挠。因上述活动给他人合法权益造成损失的,应当依法补偿。
第十六条 整治航道应当符合防洪安全要求,并事先征求水利部门的意见;整治河道涉及航道的,应当兼顾航运的需要,并事先征求航道管理机构的意见。
第十七条 建设、设置与通航有关的设施,建设单位应当按照航道技术规范设置专设标志并负责维护。建设单位也可以委托航道管理机构设置或者维护专设标志,其费用由建设单位承担。
第十八条 交通运输行政主管部门应当按照规划要求在干线航道的船闸、货物集散地、船舶待泊区等建设水上服务区,提高航道综合服务能力。
建设水上服务区应当符合饮用水水源地保护的要求。水上服务区应当具备船舶停靠、驳载、检修、垃圾回收、加水、加油、咨询等服务功能。
水上服务区的经营管理单位可以通过招标等方式确定。
第十九条 航道两侧应当按照因地制宜的原则进行绿化。已栽种的树木、花卉,不得擅自砍伐、迁移。
已经征收的航道工程建设用地的绿化,由航道管理机构负责建设和管理。其中城市化管理区域内的航道绿化景观设施建成后,应当及时移交当地人民政府管理。
第四章 航政管理
第二十条 在航道上建设、设置下列设施的,建设单位应当向航道管理机构提出申请:
(一)桥梁、隧道、渡槽、专用航道交叉口;
(二)跨河、过河、临河缆线和管道;
(三)码头、水上服务区、驳岸、护坡、取排水口、栈桥、渡口、锚地、趸船以及围堰、护桩、墩台等设施;
(四)船坞、滑道、装卸设施;
(五)与通航条件有关的标志标牌。
第二十一条 建设、设置本条例第二十条所列设施,建设单位提出申请的,应当提交下列材料:
(一)施工设计图和施工方案;
(二)施工期间航道及其设施的安全保障措施、航道正常通行的方案等;
(三)法律、法规规定的其他材料。
航道管理机构应当在法定期限内审查完毕,并作出许可决定或者予以说明。涉及其他部门的,应当依法办理相关手续。
第二十二条 建设、设置本条例第二十条所列设施过程中,施工设计图、施工方案确需变更,或者影响航道通航条件的客观情况发生重大变化的,建设单位应当向原申请的航道管理机构申请变更。建设项目自批准之日起两年内未开工建设的,原许可终止。
第二十三条 涉及航道的桥梁、码头建设应当符合相关规划,建设单位应当在工程可行性研究阶段就建设项目对航道通航条件的影响作出评价,并报航道管理机构审核。
桥梁通航净空尺度应当符合航道规划等级标准和防洪要求。确需在水中设置墩柱的,通航孔净宽不得小于航道规划等级宽度,并应当按照规定设置桥涵标和墩柱防撞保护设施。设置桥涵标和墩柱防撞保护设施应当与桥梁建设同时设计、同时施工、同时验收,所需经费纳入工程概算。桥涵标及墩柱防撞保护设施的设置和维护由桥梁的建设单位或者管理单位负责。设置防撞设施不得缩小桥梁通航净宽。
第二十四条 码头、港区水域外边线与航道中心线最小距离应当为该航道等级标准船宽的五倍,相应的作业、停泊水域应当设置在航道设计宽度水域以外;相邻的码头之间应当留有保证航道畅通和航行安全的距离。
第二十五条 在航道上埋设河底管线,其顶端的深度应当符合下列规定:
(一)五级以上航道不得小于设计河底标高以下二米;
(二)六级以下航道不得小于设计河底标高以下一米。
实际河底标高低于设计河底标高的,以实际河底标高为准。
第二十六条 在航道上建设桥梁、拦河闸坝、专用航道交叉口、隧道、渡槽、码头,建设单位应当通知航道管理机构参加项目论证、设计文件审查、施工放样和竣工验收。未达到通航技术标准的,不得通过竣工验收。
第二十七条 在航道保护范围内,除必要的水利设施和航道建设、养护设施外,禁止新建永久性建筑物。
确需占用通航水域、驳岸、护坡、航道工程建设用地修建临时建筑物的,应当经航道管理机构批准,明确其通航标准和技术规范、使用期限、恢复保证措施以及相应的责任。涉及其他部门的,应当依法办理相关手续。临时建筑物的期限不得超过两年。期限届满的,建设单位应当及时拆除。
第二十八条 新建和已建的桥梁及其他与通航有关的设施,建设单位或者管理单位应当履行管理和维护责任,管理维护费用列入资金预算。
通航河流上的桥梁不能确定权属或者不能明确管理维护单位的,由所在地区人民政府、镇人民政府、街道办事处负责管理和维护。
第二十九条 因航道等级提高,造成原有建筑物不符合通航标准和技术规范的,市、区人民政府应当制定改建或者重建的具体计划并组织实施,改建或者重建的费用按照相关规定执行。
第三十条 在通航河流或者规划确定通航的河流上建设永久性拦河闸坝,建设单位应当同时建设相应规模的过船建筑物。
拦河闸坝工程施工期间确需中断通航的,应当事先征得海事管理机构和航道管理机构同意,并由海事管理机构会同航道管理机构联合发布公告。施工期间,建设单位应当按照要求设置临时航道和必要的助航设施,保障船舶的正常通航,所需费用由建设单位承担。
第三十一条 因工程建设需要在航道上临时设置堤坝、围堰、护桩、沉箱和墩台等碍航设施的,建设单位或者施工单位应当在施工作业前,与航道管理机构签订航道使用和清除障碍合同。施工时应当在航道和施工船舶上设置作业标志。施工作业结束后,应当按照约定的期限清除围堰、沉箱、残桩、废墩等施工遗留物,报航道管理机构进行验收。
第三十二条 在航道上拆除桥梁、水中墩柱等设施,其基础顶标高应当符合下列规定:
(一)五级以上航道不得小于设计河底标高以下二米;
(二)六级以下航道不得小于设计河底标高以下一米。
实际河底标高低于设计河底标高的,以实际河底标高为准。
第一款所列设施拆除完毕后,负责拆除的施工单位应当报航道管理机构进行验收。
第三十三条 因工程建设、生产经营确需移动、拆除航道设施,或者可能造成航道调整的,应当事先经航道管理机构同意,相关费用由建设单位承担。
损坏驳岸、护坡等航道设施的,应当按照规定予以修复或者赔偿;经批准使用驳岸、护坡等航道设施的,应当按照规定予以补偿。
第三十四条 船舶、设施或者其他物体在航道中沉没,影响航道畅通和航行安全的,其所有人或者经营人应当按照规定设置标志,立即报告海事管理机构,并在海事管理机构限定的时间内打捞清除。
在航道上实施疏浚、清障作业,应当符合航道疏浚、清障技术规范,产生的废弃物不得弃置在航道保护范围内,弃置地点应当报告航道管理机构。
第三十五条 在航道内采挖砂石、泥土,应当符合航道安全的要求,水利部门批准前应当征求航道管理机构意见。用于采挖砂石的船舶应当适航,作业时不得恶化航道通航条件,不得危及水上交通安全。
第三十六条 开展水上旅游、水上运动、水上科研、水上经营等活动,不得影响通航安全、损害航道。涉及航道的,有关部门应当在审批前征求航道管理机构的意见。
第三十七条 下列船舶提供相关证明并经船闸管理单位确认后,可以优先过闸:
(一)抢险、救援、防汛、抗旱急运物资运输船舶;
(二)特需急运军用物资装备船舶;
(三)急用发电用煤运输船舶;
(四)鲜活货物运输船舶;
(五)法律、法规规定的其他船舶。
第三十八条 装载危险品的运输船舶、超限船舶过闸,应当按照指定地点停泊,实行单独放行。
第三十九条 在航道边坡外侧十米以内,以及航标周围二十米以内禁止下列行为:
(一)倾倒或者弃置泥土、砂石、垃圾、废船以及其他废弃物;
(二)种植水生植物、围河养殖、设置固定渔具;
(三)设置堆场等设施;
(四)填河、填滩占用航道;
(五)其他侵占、损坏航道或者航道设施的行为。
第五章 监督检查
第四十条 交通运输行政主管部门应当加强对航道管理工作的指导监督,监督检查有关航道法规和技术标准的执行情况以及航道建设、养护和管理资金的使用情况等。
第四十一条 航道管理机构应当履行下列职责:
(一)负责航道日常管理工作,保持航道和航道设施处于良好状态,依法检查并制止破坏、损坏、非法占用航道或者航道保护范围的行为;
(二)向社会公布航道、船闸养护范围和维护标准,做好疏浚、清障等各类保障航道安全畅通的服务工作;
(三)按照规定对航道进行巡查,发现桥梁及其他与通航有关的设施存在影响航道安全畅通隐患时,及时通知其权属单位或者管理单位;
(四)公示航道的通航标准,合理设置助航标识;
(五)及时发布航道变迁、航标移动、航道尺度变化和航道、船闸施工作业等航道通告;
(六)依法应当履行的其他职责。
第四十二条 交通运输行政主管部门及其航道管理机构工作人员在实施监督检查时,有关单位和个人应当配合,不得阻挠。
航道管理机构执法人员在进行航政执法时,对与案件有关的情况和资料,有权查阅、记录、录音、录像、照相和复制;有关单位或者个人应当如实反映情况,提供有关资料,不得拒绝、隐瞒。
第四十三条 交通运输行政主管部门及其航道管理机构应当建立投诉举报制度,公开受理举报的电话、信箱和电子邮箱,及时受理举报,依法处理,并将处理结果反馈给投诉举报人。
第六章 法律责任
第四十四条 违反本条例第二十条规定,擅自建设、设置临河缆线和管道、围堰等设施的,由航道管理机构责令限期改正,可以并处二千元以上五千元以下罚款。擅自建设、设置临河缆线和管道造成碍航的,处以五千元以上一万元以下罚款;造成断航的,处以一万元以上二万元以下罚款。擅自建设、设置围堰等设施造成碍航的,处以二万元以上三万元以下罚款;造成断航的,处以三万元以上五万元以下罚款。
第四十五条 违反本条例第二十七条规定,在航道保护范围内新建永久性建筑物影响航道安全畅通的,由航道管理机构责令限期拆除;逾期不拆除的,处以五万元以上十万元以下罚款。超出批准的范围、期限和要求占用通航水域、驳岸、护坡、航道工程建设用地修建临时性建筑物的,由航道管理机构责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,处以五千元以上一万元以下罚款。
第四十六条 违反本条例第三十条第一款规定,建设单位未按照要求与主体工程同步建设或者预留过船建筑物的,由航道管理机构责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,处以十万元以上二十万元以下罚款。
违反本条例第三十条第二款规定,建设单位未按照要求设置临时航道和必要的助航设施的,由航道管理机构责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,处以五千元以上一万元以下罚款。
第四十七条 违反本条例第三十一条、第三十二条规定,建设单位或者施工单位未按照规定拆除与通航有关的设施或者未恢复航道原状的,由航道管理机构责令限期改正;逾期不改正的,处以五千元以上一万元以下罚款。
第四十八条 违反本条例第三十九条第三项、第四项规定,在航道边坡外侧十米以内,以及航标周围二十米以内设置堆场等设施或者填河、填滩占用航道的,由航道管理机构责令限期清除,可以并处一万元以上五万元以下罚款;情节严重的,处以五万元以上十万元以下罚款。
第四十九条 当事人违反法律、法规和本条例规定,逾期不清除违法设施和物品,或者逾期拒不拆除违法建筑物的,按照《中华人民共和国行政强制法》的规定实施代履行或者申请人民法院强制执行,相关费用由违法行为人承担。
第五十条 交通运输行政主管部门及其航道管理机构工作人员违反本条例规定,滥用职权、徇私舞弊、玩忽职守的,依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
第七章 附 则
第五十一条 本条例中下列用语的含义:
(一)航道通航条件,是指航道的尺度、通航净空、通航流量、水位、水流等构成航道功能的基本要素;
(二)航道岸线,是指设计最高通航水位时水沫线。
第五十二条 本条例自2013年10月1日起施行。2000年7月28日南京市第十二届人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议制定的《南京市航道航政管理条例》同时废止。



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工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

国务院


工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

1986年4月5日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了明确工业产品(以下简称产品)质量责任,维护用户和消费者(以下简称用户)的合法权益,保证有计划的商品经济健康发展,促进社会主义现代化建设,特制定本条例。
第二条 产品质量是指国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的对产品适用、安全和其它特性的要求。产品质量责任是指因产品质量不符合上述要求,给用户造成损失后应承担的责任。
第三条 国家标准化部门负责制定全国统一的国家标准。国家标准应不低于国际标准水平。国家标准可以分级分等。企业主管部门要规定生产企业达到国家标准最高等级的期限。国家物价部门按标准等级,实行按质论价。
第四条 产品的生产、储运、经销企业必须按照本条例的规定,承担产品质量责任。各部门、各地区,特别是企业主管机关必须对产品质量进行管理,监督有关企业坚持质量第一的方针,保证产品质量,承担质量责任;管理和监督不力的也应承坦连带责任。
第五条 质量监督机构、工商行政管理机关必须对产品质量进行监督,维护用户的利益。
第六条 产品的合格证、说明书、优质标志、认证标志等都必须与产品的实际质量水平相一致。产品广告中关于产品质量的说明,必须符合产品的实际质量。
第七条 所有生产、经销企业必须严格执行下列规定:(1)不合格的产品不准出厂和销售;(2)不合格的原材料、零部件不准投料、组装;(3)国家已明令淘汰的产品不准生产和销售;(4)没有产品质量标准、未经质量检验机构检验的产品不准生产和销售;(5)不准弄虚作假、以次充好、伪造商标、假冒名牌。所有生产、经销企业都不得用搭配手段推销产品。

第二章 产品生产企业的质量责任
第八条 产品的生产企业必须保证产品质量符合国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的要求。产品的生产企业必须建立严密、协调、有效的质量保证体系,要明确规定产品的质量责任。企业必须保证质量检验机构能独立行使监督、检验的职权;严禁对质量检验人员进行打击报复。
第九条 产品出厂,必须符合下列要求:(一)达到本条例第二条规定的质量要求,有检验机构和检验人员签证的产品检验合格证;(二)根据不同特点,有产品名称、规格、型号、成份、含量、重量、用法、生产批号、出厂日期、生产厂家、厂址、产品技术标准编号等文字说明,限时使用的产品应注明失效时间。优质产品必须有标志;(三)实行生产许可证制度的产品,要有许可证编号、批准日期和有效期限;(四)机器、设备、装置、仪表以及耐用消费品,除符合本条(一)、(二)、(三)项要求外,还应有详细的产品使用说明书。内容包括:产品的技术经济参数、使用寿命、使用范围、保证期限、安装方法、维修方法和保存条件、技术保养检修期以及其它有关产品设计参数的有效数据。电器产品,应附有线路图和原理图;(五)包装必须符合国家有关规定和标准。剧毒、危险、易碎、怕压、需防潮、不装倒置的产品,在内外包装上必须有显著的指示标志和储运注意事项。产品包装上必须注明实际重量(净重和毛重);(六)使用商标和分级分等的产品,在产品或包装上应有商标和分级分等标记;(七)符合国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规的要求。
第十条 达不到国家的有关标准规定等级、仍有使用价值的“处理品”,经企业主管机关批准后,方可降价销售,在产品和包装上必须标出显著的“处理品”字样。违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护、计量等法规要求的产品,必须及时销毁或作必要的技术处理,不得以“处理品”流入市场。不得用“处理品”生产和组装用以销售的产品。
第十一条 在产品保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条要求时,根据不同情况,由产品生产企业对用户和经销企业承坦质量责任:(一)产品的一般零部件、元器件失效,更换后即能恢复使用要求的,应负责按期修复;(二)产品的主要零部件、元器件失效,不能按期修复的,应负责更换合格品;(三)产品因设计、制造等原因造成主要功能不符合第二条要求,用户要求退货的,应负责退还货款;(四)造成经济损失的,还应负责赔偿实际经济损失;(五)由维修服务或经销企业负责产品售后技术服务时,生产企业必须按售后技术服务合同,提供足够的备品、备件和必要的技术支援。

第三章 产品储运企业的质量责任
第十二条 承储、承运、装卸企业必须根据国家有关规定和产品包装上标明的储运要求进行储存、运输和装卸。
第十三条 承储、承运企业在产品入库储存或出库、产品承运或交货时,应按照国家有关规定,严格执行交接验收制度,明确质量责任。确属储存、运输、装卸原因造成产品损伤,承储、承运、装卸企业应分别承担责任,按国家有关规定,赔偿经济损失。

第四章 产品经销企业的质量责任
第十四条 经销企业在进货时,应对产品进行验收,明确产品的质量责任。经销企业出售的产品,必须符合本条例第七条、第九条的规定。
第十五条 经销企业售出的产品在保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条的要求时,应由经销企业负责对用户实行包修、包换、包退、承担赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第五章 产品质量的监督管理
第十六条 各质量监督机构,按照国家有关规定,单独组织或者会同工商行政管理部门、各行业主管部门、企业主管部门,对产品的生产、储运和经销等各个环节实行经常性的监督抽查,并定期公布抽查产品的质量状况。企业必须如实提供抽查样品,并在检测手段和工作条件方面提供方便。除国家已有规定外,质量监督机构抽查产品,不准向企业收费,以保证监督机构的公正性。质量监督机构所需的技术措施费用和检测费用,按实际需要由国家或地方财政拨款解决。各级经济委员会负责对产品质量监督管理工作进行领导和组织协调。
第十七条 各级行业主管部门和企业主管部门负责本行业产品质量的管理工作,其职责是:在授权范围内,制定或参与制定有关产品质量标准以及有关规章制度,负责产品质量的监督管理,督促企业保证产品质量,完善质量保证系统;组织发放生产许可证。
第十八条 对产品质量实行社会性监督。用户可以向产品生产、储运、经销企业提出质量查询;社团组织可以协助用户参与质量争议的调解、仲裁,支持用户向人民法院起诉。
第十九条 用户按双方协议可以派出代表到生产企业对产品生产过程和产品质量进行现场监督。

第六章 产品质量责任争议的处理
第二十条 因产品质量问题发生争议时,有经济合同的,按《经济合同法》的有关规定执行;没有合同的,争议的任何一方都可提请有关的质量监督机构调解处理,也可向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 对产品质量的技术检验数据有争议时,当事人或调解、仲裁机构可委托法定的质量检验单位进行仲裁检验,质量检验单位应对提供的仲裁检验数据负责。
第二十二条 除国家另有规定外,质量责任的仲裁请求和起诉,应从当事人知悉或应当知悉权益受损害之日起一年内提出。产品质量责任方愿意承担责任时,不受时效限制。

第七章 罚 则
第二十三条 企业产品质量达不到国家规定的标准,企业主管机关应令其限期整顿。经整顿仍无效者,企业主管机关应令其停产或转产,直至建议有关主管机关撤销生产许可证,吊销营业执照。在整顿期间,企业主管机关视不同情况,可扣发企业负责人和职工的奖金、工资。
第二十四条 生产、经销企业违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一者,由企业主管机关对企业负责人和直接责任者给以行政处分,由工商行政管理机关没收其全部非法收入,并视其情节轻重,处以相当于非法收入的15%至20%的罚款,直至由司法机关追究法律责任。(一)生产、经销掺假产品、冒牌产品,以“处理品”冒充合格品;(二)生产、经销隐匿厂名、厂址的产品;(三)生产、经销没有产品检验合格证的产品;(四)生产、经销国家已明令淘汰的产品;(五)生产、经销国家实行生产许可证制度而到期未取得生产许可证的产品;(六)生产、经销用不合格原材料、零部件生产或组装的产品;(七)生产、经销违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规要求的产品;(八)经销过期失效产品。罚没收入全部上交国家财政。
第二十五条 有质量监督抽查中发现生产和经销企业有第二十四条中列举的行为时,由质量监督机构按第二十四条规定处理。对于不符合本条例第九条第七项规定的,由质量监督机构监督就地销毁或作必要的技术处理,并令生产、经销企业在限期内追回已售出的不合格产品。违反本条例第八条的规定,对质量检验人员进行打击报复的,或质量监督、检验机构工作人员徇私舞弊的,由有关主管机关给予行政处分;情节特别严重的,依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 由于产品的质量责任,造成用户人身伤亡,财产损失,触犯刑律的,由司法机关依法追究当事人的刑事责任。
第二十七条 上述处罚,不免除产品质量责任方对用户承担的产品包修、包换、包退、赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第八章 附 则
第二十八条 有关主管部门可根据本条例的规定,制定实施细则;进出口商品、军用产品及有特殊要求的产品的质量责任可由有关主管部门参照本条例的原则,另行规定。
第二十九条 本条例适用于所有全民、集体所有制企业,个体工商业经营者以及在中国境内的中外合资、合作、外资企业。
第三十条 本条例授权国家经济委员会负责解释。
第三十一条 本条例自一九八六年七月一日起施行。(附英文)

REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
(Promulgated by the State Council on April 5, 1986)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
The present Regulations are enacted in order to define the quality
responsibility for industrial products ("products" for short hereinafter),
safeguard the legitimate rights of the customer and consumer ("customer"
for short hereinafter), ensure the healthy development of commodity
economy in a planned way, and promote socialist modernization.
Article 2
"Quality of product" refers to the requirement for the applications,
safety and other properties of the products stipulated in related laws and
regulations, quality standards and contracts.
"Quality responsibility for products" refers to the responsibility that
shall be born due to the product's failure to satisfy the above-mentioned
requirements, which leads to loss on the part of the customer.
Article 3
The national standardization department is responsible for drawing up the
unified national standards. The national standards shall not be lower than
the international standards. National standards may be classified and
graded. The competent authorities responsible for the enterprise shall fix
a time limit for achieving the highest grade of the national standards.
The price department of the Central Government shall fix the prices
according to the grades of standards and implement the principle of "price
according to quality".
Article 4
Those enterprises engaging in the production, storing, transporting and
marketing of the product must, in accordance with the stipulations of the
present Regulations, undertake the quality responsibility for the
products.
The various departments, various localities, especially the competent
authorities for the manufacturer must exercise strict control over the
quality of the products, supervise and see that the manufacturer concerned
abides by the principle of "quality first", with a view to guaranteeing
the quality of product and undertaking quality responsibility. Those
failing to exercise effective control and supervision shall also undertake
liability arising therefrom.
Article 5
Quality-supervision agencies and the industry and commerce administration
departments must keep supervision over the quality of product and protect
the interest of the customer.
Article 6
The quality certificate, manuals, "high-quality" sign and identity sign of
a product must all be in conformity with the actual quality level of the
product. The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform
to the actual quality of the product.
Article 7
All the manufacturers and the marketing firms must observe strictly the
following rules:
(1) unqualified product is forbidden from being dispatched from the
factory or marketed;
(2) unqualified raw materials and parts and components are not allowed to
be put into production or be used for assembly;
(3) it is forbidden to manufacture the products whose elimination the
State has explicitly ordered;
(4) product without the product-quality standard or without being tested
by the state quality-testing organ is not allowed to be manufactured and
marketed;
(5) it is forbidden to plot frauds, to pass of unqualified product as
qualified, to forge trademarks, or to imitate the famous brand products.
All the manufacturers and marketing firms are not allowed to sell their
products by way of coupling-sale.

Chapter II Quality Responsibility of the Product Manufacturer
Article 8
The manufacturer of the product must make sure that the quality of the
product conforms to the requirements laid down by relevant laws and
regulations, quality standards and stipulations of the contract.
The manufacturer of the product must set up a strict, well-coordinated and
effective quality-guarantee system, with a view to fixing the quality
responsibility for the product in an explicit manner.
The manufacturer must see to it that the quality-inspecting organ can
independently perform its functions of supervision and testing. It is
strictly forbidden to retaliate against the quality inspectors.
Article 9
The product shall not leave the factory unless it satisfies the following
requirements:
(1) achieving the quality requirements stipulated in Article 2 of the
present Regulations, and obtaining the quality certificate of the product
issued by testing organ and testing personnel;
(2) having the written explanation of, according to specific
characteristics, the product's name, size, model, ingredients, the
percentage of the ingredients, weight, direction for applications, lot No.
of production, date of production, name of manufacturer, address of the
manufacturer, and the serial number of the technical specifications of the
said product; explicitly specifying the date of expiry in case of a
product with time limit of efficacy. "High-quality" product must bear the
mark thereof;
(3) having the serial number, date of approval and the term of validity of
the production licence in case of a product manufactured under the
production licence system;
(4) machinery, equipment, devices, apparatus and durable consumer goods,
apart from satisfying the requirements in Items (1), (2) and (3) of this
Article, shall be accompanied with detailed instructions on the use of the
product. The content thereof includes: the product's technical-economic
parameters, service life, range of application, term of guarantee, methods
for installation, methods of maintenance and conditions for storing, term
of technical maintenance and repair, and other effective data concerning
the design parameters of the product. Electric products shall be attached
with the circuit diagram and schematic diagram;
(5) the package must conform to the related state regulations and
standards. As regards the products that are drastically poisonous,
dangerous, fragile, can not be laid on by heavy load, needing protection
against moisture, can not be turned upside down, there must be, on both
the external and interior packing, obvious indication marks and notices
for storing and transportation. On the package of the product, there must
be noted explicitly the actual weights (net and gross);
(6) on the product or the package thereof on which the trademark and
quality classification and grading system is applied, there shall be signs
for the said trademark, classification and grading;
(7) conforming to the requirements of the state laws and regulations
concerning safety, hygiene, protection of environment and measuring.
Article 10
The "substandard" goods that fail to achieve the requirements of the
related state standards, but still have some use value, cannot be marketed
at reduced price until having obtained the approval from the competent
authorities of the manufacturer; and on the package there must be clearly
marked with the words of "substandard goods". Products that fail to meet
the requirements of the state laws and regulations concerning safety,
hygiene and environmental protection and measuring must be destroyed or
undergo necessary technical treatment in good time. They are not allowed
to enter the market in the name of "substandard goods".
"Substandard goods" are not allowed to be used to manufacture or assemble
market-oriented products.
Article 11
Within the guarantee period of the product, in case of the quality found
out of line with the requirements stipulated in Article 2, the
manufacturer shall, according to the following different circumstances,
undertake the quality liability to the customer and marketing firm:
(1) the common part or component loses efficacy and therefore, after being
replaced, the performance can immediately be restored; in this case, the
manufacturer shall be responsible for replacing with qualified parts or
components and for restoring the normal performance;
(2) in case that the main part or competent of the product has lost the
efficacy and cannot be repaired within the set period, the manufacturer
shall be responsible for replacing with qualified products;
(3) in case the major function fails to satisfy the requirements of
Article 2 due to such causes as designing and manufacture, if the customer
requires to return the goods, the manufacturer shall refund;
(4) in case of economic loss caused by the quality faults, the
manufacturer shall also compensate for the actual loss;
(5) if maintenance and repair service or marketing firm responsible for
the aftersale technical service, so required and manufacturer must,
according to the contract of aftersale service, supply sufficient standby
products, spare parts and necessary technical support.

Chapter III Quality Responsibility of Enterprises for Storing or Transporting the Product
Article 12
The enterprises which undertake to store, transport, load or unload the
products must conduct the work of the storing, transportation, loading and
unloading in compliance with the relevant state stipulations and the
storing-transporting requirements indicated on the package of the product.
Article 13
In the course of the product entering the warehouse for storing or leaving
the warehouse, undertaking to transport the product or handing over the
product, the enterprise that stores or transports the product shall
observe the pertinent state stipulations and the storing-trans-system of
handing-over and checking before acceptance, so as to define the quality
responsibility. In case it has been testified that the damage of the
product is due to the cause of storage, transport or loading and
unloading, the enterprises which store, transport or load and unload the
product shall bear their respective liabilities and, according to related
government regulations, compensate for the economic loss.

Chapter IV Quality Responsibility of the Marketing Firm of the Product
Article 14
When laying in a stock of merchandise, the marketing firm shall, before
acceptance, test the product, so that the quality responsibility can be
clearly defined. The products sold by the marketing firm must conform to
the requirements stipulated in Articles 7 and 9 of the present
Regulations.
Article 15
In case the product sold by the marketing firm is found not up to the
conditions stipulated in Article 2 within the period of guarantee, the
marketing firm shall be responsible for guaranteed repairing, replacement,
taking back the product and refunding, and undertaking the responsibility
of compensating for the actual economic loss.

Chapter V Supervision and Control over the Quality of Product
Article 16
The various quality-supervising agencies shall, in accordance with the
relevant regulations of the state, organize independently, or together
with the industry and commerce administrative authorities, the responsible
departments of the various trades, and the responsible departments of the
various manufacturers, regular supervisional sample-checking on the
various links such as manufacture, storing, transportation, and marketing,
and regularly publicize the result of the testing of the samples.
Enterprises must honestly furnish the samples for checking and provide
facilities with respect to the testing means and working conditions.
Unless otherwise stated in state regulations, it is not allowed for the
quality-supervising agencies to collect fees from the enterprises for
sample-checking on the product, so as to guarantee the impartiality of the
supervising agencies. The expenses needed for the technical means and
measures and for the test by the quality-supervising agencies shall be
covered by the state or local financial allocations according to the
actual needs.
The economic commission at various levels are responsible for leadership,
organization and coordination of the supervision and control over product
quality.
Article 17
Responsible departments of the trades and responsible departments for the
enterprises at various levels are responsible for the control over the
quality of products in the respective trades within their authorization,
which covers: formulating or taking part in the formulation of the quality
standards for the products in their respective areas of responsibility and
the pertinent rules and regulations, being responsible for supervision and
control over the quality of products, urging the enterprises to ensure the
quality of product, perfecting the quality guaranteeing system, and
organizing the issuance of production licences.
Article 18
Exercise social supervision over the quality of product. The customer can
make inquiries about the quality of the product at the manufacturer, the
enterprises for storing and transporting, and the marketing firms; and the
social associations and organizations can help the customers participate
in the mediation, arbitration over quality disputes, and support the
customers to file lawsuits with the people's court.
Article 19
The customer can, according to the mutual agreement between the customer
and manufacturer, send his representative to the manufacturer to conduct
on-the-spot-supervision over the process of the production and the quality
of the product.

Chapter VI Settlement of Disputes over Quality Responsibility for the Product
Article 20
Any dispute arising from the quality of product shall, provided there is
an economic contract, observe the relevant stipulations in the Economic
Contract Law. In the absence of such contracts, either party to the
dispute can refer the dispute to a relevant quality-supervising agency for
mediation or settlement, or take the case to the people's court.
Article 21
In case of any dispute over the data of technical testing of the quality
of product, the party concerned or the mediating or arbitrating agencies
can entrust legally designated quality-testing unit for arbitral testing;
and the said quality testing unit shall be responsible for the data of the
arbitral testing.
Article 22
Unless otherwise stipulated by the government, the request for arbitration
or prosecution over quality responsibility shall be raised within one year
from the date the party concerned is aware of or should be aware of his
interest and rights being damaged. Where the party bearing the quality
responsibility for the product is willing to bear the responsibility, it
is not limited by the term of validity.

Chapter VII Penalties
Article 23
Where the product of an enterprise fails to reach the state-stipulated
standards, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order the enterprise to rectify production within a fixed period.
Where the said rectification within the fixed period turns out to be of no
effect, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order it to stop production or switch over to a new line of
products, or even suggest that the relevant authorities revoke the
production licence and the business licence. In the period of
rectification, the competent authoritative department responsible for the
said enterprise may, according to different circumstances, deduct the
bonus and wages of the executive members of the enterprise and of the
staff and workers.
Article 24
Where the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed one of the
following acts in violation of the stipulations of the present
Regulations, the authoritative department responsible for the enterprise
or firm shall mete out disciplinary punishment to the responsible persons
of the enterprise and to the persons bearing direct responsibility; and
the industry and commerce administrative organ shall confiscate all the
illegal income, and impose on it a fine equivalent to 15% to 20% of the
illegal income according to the degree of seriousness of the case; or even
the legal liabilities shall be fixed by the judicial organs through due
investigation.
1. manufacture or market adulterated product or imitated product, or pass
off "substandard" product as qualified;
2. manufacture or market products without indicating the name and address
of the manufacturer;
3. manufacture or market products without quality certificate;
4. manufacture or market products of which the State has issued explicit
order for their elimination;
5. manufacture or market the products on which the State adopts the system
of production licence, but fails to renew the said production licence
after its expiry;
6. manufacture or market products manufactured or assembled with
unqualified raw materials, parts or components;
7. manufacture or market products in violation of the requirements
stipulated by state laws and regulations concerning safety, hygiene,
environmental protection and measuring;
8. market products which have passed the expiry date.
The incomes collected from fines shall be handed to the state treasury.
Article 25
In the course of sample-check on quality supervision, in case it is found
that the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed the act(s) listed in
Article 24, the quality-supervising agency shall treat the case according
to the stipulation in Article 24. As regards the product not in conformity
to the provision of Item (7) of Article 9 of the present Regulations, the
product shall be destroyed on the spot by the quality-supervising agency
or be given the necessary technical treatment; and the manufacturer and
the marketing firm shall be ordered to recover within the given time all
the substandard products that have already been sold.
In case of violation of the stipulations in Article 8 of the present
Regulations, or retaliation against quality-testing personnel, or the
working personnel in quality-supervising and quality-testing agencies act
wrongly out of personal consideration, the responsible authoritative
department shall mete out disciplinary punishment. As regards those of
extraordinary seriousness, criminal liabilities shall be investigated and
fixed according to law.
Article 26
Where the poor quality of the product has resulted in the injury or death
of the customer, and in his loss of property, hence violating the criminal
code, the judicial organs shall investigate and fix the legal liability of
the party concerned.
Article 27
The above-mentioned penalty does not acquit the party bearing the quality
responsibility of its responsibility for the guaranteed repair,
replacement, recovering the product with the money already paid, and the
compensation for the actual economic loss to the customer(s).

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 28
The relevant responsible authorities may, in line with the provisions of
the present Regulations, work out the implementing details. The quality
responsibility regulations for import & export products, for goods with
military application as well as goods for special requirements, the
relevant authorities may, with reference to the principles of the present
Regulations, enact separate specific regulations.
Article 29
The present Regulations apply to all enterprises with ownership by the
whole people, enterprises with ownership by the collective, individual
industrial and commercial operators as well as the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, and foreign-capital
enterprises.
Article 30
The State Economic Commission is authorized to interpret the present
Regulations.
Article 31
The present Regulations shall go into force on July 1st, 1986.


国家防总发出“关于贯彻落实温家宝总理重要批示”的紧急通知

国防部


国家防总发出“关于贯彻落实温家宝总理重要批示”的紧急通知

国汛电(2003)3号  

各省、市、自治区防汛抗旱指挥部,长江、黄河、松花江、淮河防汛总指挥部,水利部各流域机构,新疆生产建设兵团:

  5月18日,温家宝总理对当前全国防汛抗旱工作作出重要批示:“在全国抗击非典的特殊时期,各级政府和水利部门要高度重视防汛抗旱工作,明确责任,落实各项措施,确保经济建设正常进行,确保人民生命安全”。请各地认真贯彻落实温家宝总理的重要批示,切实做好以下工作:

  1、要防汛抗旱与抗“非典”工作两手抓,两不误。当前,我国正全力以赴抗击“非典”疫情,形势仍十分严峻。与此同时,我国南方已经进入汛期,北方也将入汛,部分江河出现超警戒水位的洪水,局部地区发生较严重的山洪灾害,一些地方的防汛形势已相当严峻。各地要高度重视防汛抗旱工作,立足于防大汛、抗大洪、抗大旱,在做好防“非典”工作的同时,切实加强防汛抗旱工作。

  2、进一步明确责任,落实各项防汛抗旱措施。各地要以行政首长负责制为核心,建立健全各项防汛抗旱责任制。各级政府一把手要对所管辖地区的防洪安全负总责。各地要抓紧落实地方政府行政责任人、技术责任人和岗位责任人,并通过新闻媒体向社会公布,接受社会监督。同时,要有针对性地完善各项防汛抗旱措施,做到领导、队伍、方案、物料四落实,抓好水情预报、洪水调度和汛期查险抢险三个主要环节,保障经济发展,维护社会稳定。

  3、加强防汛值班,及时处理汛情、旱情和灾情。各地要采取有力措施,加强汛期24小时值班制度,加强防汛抗旱会商。汛期值班不仅要有领导带班,还要安排技术人员值班,汛情紧张时必须由行政责任人主持工作。防汛抗旱指挥部要对各地值班人员、领导的到位情况进行抽查,发现有脱岗、离岗以及值班人员不熟悉情况的,要予以通报批评。各地要及时应对突发情况,重大汛情、旱情和灾情要及时上报国家防总。

  4、密切监视水雨情,精心做好防洪抗旱调度工作。要密切掌握水雨情,认真分析天气变化形势,及时做出预测预报,做好防洪抗旱调度工作。防洪抗旱调度要以批准的防洪抗旱调度方案为依据,科学决策,科学调度。要严肃防汛纪律,水库等工程的兴利调度必须服从防洪调度,坚决杜绝水库擅自超汛限水位运行的事件发生。各级防汛抗旱指挥部要及时通报违反防汛纪律的单位和个人,情节严重的,要严肃处理。

  5、把确保人民生命安全放在首位,全力做好抢险救灾工作。已经发生洪水的地区,要进一步加强堤防防守,组织人员巡堤查险,不留死角,发现险情及时抢护,确保大堤等防洪工程安全。要及时转移危险地区的群众,做好救灾工作,最大限度地减少灾害损失,确保人民生命财产安全。

  二OO三年五月十八日